The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out that high-quality development is the primary task of comprehensively building a socialist modernized country. Empowering high-quality development of industries through technological innovation is an important lever to promote new breakthroughs in high-quality economic development, significant improvement in technological self-reliance and self-improvement, and significant progress in building a new development pattern and a modern economic system. The article summarizes the thoughts of frontline scientists and economists from the perspectives of history and reality, theory and practice, goals and planning, and proposes the crucial role of technological innovation in economic development and national strength enhancement. It is necessary to reduce resource consumption and take the path of intensive development; From technological catch-up in the past to building local leading advantages, from terminal product innovation to intermediate product innovation, from encouraging integrated innovation to encouraging original innovation; Efforts should be made from the industrial and technological fields to establish a true market competition mechanism at the micro level, and to form a scientific and cultural orientation based on industrial technology.